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Joint pain

Repetitive strain injury

Repetitive strain injury prevention

Repetitive strain injury treatment

Carpal tunnel syndrome

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Preventing cavities and toothaches

The outer layer of a normal tooth consists of  enamel which is made up of calcium and phosphorus and is the hardest substance in the human body. Below the enamel is the dentine, which has tiny tubules which connect it to the central nerve of  the tooth. The pulp contains blood vessels to supply nutrients, nerves for sensing heat and cold, and small lymph vessels with with white blood cells for killing the bacteria. The pulp is connected to the surrounding tissue through an opening in the tip  of root of the pulp in the gum.

Cavities are holes in the enamel and dentine in the teeth. They are the most common cause of toothache. The bacteria in the mouth convert sugar into acid. This acid and the saliva dissolve the enamel and dentin causing holes. Smaller cavities may not cause much pain except when eating very hot or cold food, as only the dentine may be affected. For larger cavities, the pulp is exposed while eating, food may accumulate and bacterial toxins may irritate the pulp. Smaller cavities can be closed using a dental filling or crown. If  the cavity has reached the pulp, a root canal or  extraction of the tooth may be required.

Gum disease which is the inflammation of  the gum tissue due to toxins generated by bacteria in the plaque. Bleeding of gums without pain is a symptom of gum disease. Removal of  plaque can prevent this problem

Toothache can also be caused by a broken or fractured tooth without any cavity. Biting on the fractured tooth is very painful and is aggravated by biting hard on food. It is difficult to detect . It may be treated by either fixing a crown on the tooth or a root canal. Fractured and broken teeth

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